Factory Physical AI Driving Function Autonomous Driving Technology Using Haptic Technology Principles......

Physical AI refers to the installation and use of AI in the real physical world in which we live. Representative examples include humanoids, robots, autonomous vehicles, and smart drones. AI agents are autonomous and goal-oriented AI that judges situations by itself with simple commands and produces optimal results.

There are two main technologies for haptic representation depending on the type of sensation. Force Feedback, which transmits physical force to muscles and joints, and Vibrotactile Feedback, which transmits texture, vibration, pressure, and temperature to the skin.

The word haptic is an English word derived from the Greek adjective 'Haptesthai', which means 'touching', and contains the meaning of 'tactile'. In other words, haptic is a technology that communicates information by using tactile sensation. When touching or handling various digital devices such as mice, keyboards, and touch screens, it makes you feel as if you are actually touching a specific object. For example, haptic technology includes short vibrations when text messages are received or the tremors felt when shooting while playing virtual reality VR games.

When a particular object touches a sensor, the pressure and vibration generated when touching the object are converted into electrical signals, and this electrical signal is transmitted to the vibration actuator. After that, the actuator operates the desired operation with electrical energy, so it can transmit the touch. For example, when the touch screen of the smartphone is pressed, the vibration motor underneath it is operated, and the touch of the vibration stimulation generated at this time is transmitted to the user through the skin of the pressed finger.

The haptic technology is implemented using various tactile collection sensors and tactile regeneration actuators. The sensors collect information through the user's movement or touch sensing. For example, the touchscreen on a smartphone can sense the pressure a user presses on the screen. The actuator is a technology that allows the user to feel the tactile sensation by generating mechanical stimuli such as vibration, pressure, and movement based on the information collected by the sensors.